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NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE

Hye peeps! Hope, all of you in a good condition today. Again, about nuclear. But, for this time, i will talk about nuclear fuel cycle. Sounds interesting right? So, let see what it's all about.

Nuclear Fuel Cycle 

 

Figure 1: Nuclear fuel cycle

Nuclear fuel cycle or nuclear chain cycle is a process to generate electricity. It consists of 3 stages.

1. Front end fuel management.
2. In core fuel management
3. Back end fuel management

Front end fuel management is about preparation of the fuel, and in order to prepare it, those stages need to be done. First of all is mining and miling, following with conversion, enrichment, and fuel fabrication. And as a final result, electricity will be generated after steams from the water will turn the turbine in fuel fabrication process.

In core fuel management is about the fuel has been using in the reactor operation. While, for back end fuel management is about reprocessing or disposed spent nuclear fuel. The spent nuclear fuel that has been removed from the reactor will be hot and very radioactive, so it must be cooled and the solution is, stored it in the ponds at the reactor site. If the spent nuclear fuel is not reprocessed, we called it open fuel cycle, vice versa, closed fuel cycle.

 

Figure 2 : Cooling pond : In back end fuel management

Uranium
Definiton - A heavy silvery-white metallic element, radioactive and toxic, easily oxidized, and having 14 known isotopes of which U 238 is the most abundant in nature. The element occurs in several minerals, including uraninite and carnotite, from which it is extracted and processed for use in research, nuclear fuels, and nuclear weapons. Atomic number 92; atomic weight 238.03; melting point 1,132°C; boiling point 3,818°C; specific gravity 18.95; valence 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

reference from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/uranium

Uranium in nature consists primarily of two isotopes, U-238 and U-235. The numbers refer to the atomic mass number for each isotope, or the number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus. Naturally occurring uranium consists of approximately 99.28% U-238 and 0.71% U-235

Uranium mined from the earth's crust and actually not usable for power generation. But, by several processes, uranium can be efficiently generate electricity.

Figure 3: Uranium mining 

source from wikipedia.org

Mining
Mining is a process to extract the uranium from the hard rock. In mining uranium, it comprised of 3 ways. You can choose either one.

1. open cut mining (on the surface)
2. underground (blasting hard rock and ore to create large openings in the ground)
3. in situ leaching

In my opinion, the third way will be the best solution; in situ leaching because there are a lot of advantages if i'm using this way as my mining method compared with those two. Plus, after done with mining, we no need to proceed to miling process because uranium oxide already leached to form a uranium.The advantages of using in situ leaching are:

• less expensive
• less costly to build
• no solid waste
• less ground disturbance
• less rehabilitation required
• very little dust

Figure 4: In situ leaching process

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Nuclear Test ( 11.10.10)

 

It was the longest test because the test take time 3 and half hours..

The tests have two parts:

Part 1:  question 1, 2

Part 2: question 3, 4, 5

Since this semester only have one test, so we covered many chapters. Luckily, Sir Syukri, Sir Azzrudi and Sir Syamsul for the tips. Thanks sir.

The test supposed to start at 6pm ad finish at 7.30pm for the part one. Because of the previous class have presentation in that class so the test was delayed for 20 minutes.  So, the first part we start at 6.20 pm and finished at 7.50pm.

 Then, we had a break for 25 minutes. we feel excited to seat for the second parts since the first parts we can do well. Haha..

The second part test starts at 8.15pm and finished 10.15pm. The tips really help us to answers the question and thanks to Sir Syamsul because helped us to answers for the calculation questions.. Thanks to Sir Azzrudi also because of the hint to answered the bonus question..haha

I satisfied with the all of our answer and relief can answer the question well.

: D

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Should Malaysia build a nuclear power plant?

8 october 2010 (friday) NUCLEAR TALK.

It was very effective and informative talk  on nuclear power plant planning for our coutry today..,
Let us summarize of what we've been through the talk.,..,=)


 1. Malaysia aims to have nuclear power plant by 2021 

From some info,the  plan is for 2021, which now is about ten years, or eleven years gap between the actual  implementation where the reactor is functioning.Malaysia is now at the preparatory stage of building the      plant,adding that the country would have to first sign the relevant international treaties that it did not sign in      the past.

2.TNB ready to undertake Malaysia's first Nuclear Power Plant.
TNB, together with the Malaysian Nuclear Agency and Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, had prepared preliminary papers for the government to consider. very impressive ! 

                                               TNB AND NUCLEAR POWER PLANT Read More

Radiation vs Radioactivity

Hi guys, today I would like to share with you all about the difference between radiation and radioactivity. Some of us still cannot differentiate between radiation and radioactivity.

Radioactive man !!!! 

: D

First of all, we look the definition Radiation and radioactivity.

Radiation :

Particles emitted in atomic or nuclear processes (neutrons, gammas–photons of nucleus origin, x-rays–photons of atomic origin, b-particles–electrons or positrons , a-particles–helium nuclei, heavy charged particles–e.g. FP)

Radioactivity:

A specific type of nuclear processes in which a nucleus spontaneously decay, emitting radiation in the process.

The radiation and radioactivity are related to each others. The ability to generate radiation is called radioactivity, while substances that possess this radioactivity are called radioactive substances.

For more clear, we take a look one example:

We taking the electric bulb as familiar example, where the light bulb would be the radioactive substances, the light rays emitting from the light bulb are the radiation, and the ability to generate the light is radioactivity.

Radiation can include alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma rays. The figures show the ability of the alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma rays.

 

The nucleus of a radioactive substance decays whenever it emits radiation, mutating successively into other substances until it reaches one that is not radioactive. 

The method used to for measuring the life of radioactive substance is called half life. Half life is the time required for the original radioactive level to weaken by one-half.

Figure show the unit of the radiation.

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